TACS Energy
Competence Center:
Detection Methods in Smart Meters for Electricity Thefts: A Survey
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accommodating rapidly increasing power demands, power systems
are transitioning from analog systems to systems with increasing
digital control and communications. Although this modernization
brings many far-reaching benefits, the hardware and software
newly incorporated into the power systems also incur many
vulnerabilities. By taking advantage of these vulnerabilities,
adversaries can launch various cyber/physical attacks to tamper
with electricity meter readings, i.e., to steal electricity. It
is reported that total worldwide annual economic losses caused
by electricity theft reached up to almost one hundred billion
dollars in recent years. With methods to tamper with meter
readings becoming more versatile, secret, and flexible,
electricity theft tends to get even more serious in modernized
power systems. For preventing adversaries from stealing
electricity, researchers have done a lot of works. Although some
related surveys on these works exist, they are not updated or
just discuss electricity theft in a specific region. This survey
aims to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the
electricity theft issue. After investigating how adversaries
tamper with meter readings,
we systematically survey all existing detection methods up
to date, which is classified into machine learning- and
measurement mismatch-based methods. Adverse effects and
political and socioeconomic factors of electricity theft are
also provided. This survey can help relevant researchers to
shape future research directions, especially in the area of
developing new effective electricity theft detection methods.
Nowadays, people
around the world are witnessing more and more power outages
whose frequency and duration rise constantly. This implies that
antiquated electric power systems, which were built over one
century ago, are having more difficulties in accommodating our
rapidly increasing power demands. Thus, many countries, such as
the USA, Japan, and China, are currently making every effort to
upgrade their existing power systems. For example, at the supply
side of power systems, we not only use traditional energy
sources, such as coal or hydro, to generate electricity in large
and centralized power plants that are usually located far away
from customers’ premises, but also apply renewable and
environment-friendly energy resources, such as solar and wind
near electricity-consumption locations. On the other hand,
various new types of loads, such as electric vehicles and heat
pumps, are connected to power systems at the demand side.
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About TACS
TACS
Consulting Delivers The Insight and Vision on Information Communication
and Energy Technologies for Strategic Decisions.
TACS is Pioneer and Innovator of many Communication Signal
Processors, Optical Modems, Optimum or Robust Multi-User or
Single-User MIMO Packet Radio Modems, 1G Modems,
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Modems, PSTN Modems, Cable Modems, PLC Modems, IoT Modems and
more..
TACS consultants are the
pioneer and first inventors of Optimum or Robust Multi-User or
Single-User MIMO fixed or
mobile packet radio structures in the world.
TACS is a leading top consultancy in the field of Information,
Communication and Energy Technologies (ICET). The heart of our
Consulting spectrum comprises strategic, organizational, and
technology-intensive tasks that arise from the use of new
information and telecommunications technologies. TACS
Consulting offers Strategic Planning, Information, Communications
and Energy Technology
Assessment, Systems Engineering, Planning, and Resource Optimization.
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TACS is a leading top consultancy in the field of information, communication
and energy technologies (ICET).
The heart of our consulting spectrum comprises strategic,
organizational, and technology-intensive tasks that arise from the use of new
information, communication and energy technologies.
The major emphasis in our work is found in innovative consulting and
implementation solutions which result from the use of modern information,
communication and energy technologies.
TACS
- Delivers the insight and vision
on technology for strategic decisions
- Drives
innovations forward as part of our service offerings to customers
worldwide
- Conceives
integral solutions on the basis of our integrated business and technological
competence in the ICET sector
- Assesses technologies and standards and develops
architectures for fixed or mobile, wired or wireless communications systems
and networks
- Provides
the energy and experience of world-wide leading innovators and experts in their fields for local,
national or large-scale international projects.
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